= RDBI - Low-level Database Access Re-imagined

RDBI is intended primarily as an alternative to the heavier database layers in
the Ruby ecosystem. It provides a consistent interface to databases for working
with query languages directly, instead of providing an extremely high level
interface which does this work for you. While usable, it largely targets
high-level database libraries, similar to how +rack+ targets web frameworks.

== I'd like to get started

If you'd prefer to head straight to sinking your teeth into the API, here's a
path down the rabbit hole:

* RDBI is what you'll use to get your RDBI::Database handle. If you need
  collections of database handles, look at RDBI::Pool.
* RDBI::Database contains methods for dealing with database level operations
  and preparing and executing RDBI::Statement objects.
* RDBI::Statement works with RDBI::Cursor to yield RDBI::Result objects, which
  leverage RDBI::Result::Driver classes to yield data.
* If you're interested in how schemas and types are dealt with, see
  RDBI::Schema, RDBI::Column, and RDBI::Type.

== Need a Driver?

=== Databases:

==== Maintained by the RDBI project:

* rdbi-driver-mysql: http://github.com/RDBI/rdbi-driver-mysql
* rdbi-driver-postgresql: http://github.com/RDBI/rdbi-driver-postgresql
* rdbi-driver-sqlite3: http://github.com/RDBI/rdbi-driver-sqlite3

==== Maintained by third parties:

* rdbi-driver-odbc: https://github.com/semmons99/rdbi-driver-odbc by Shane Emmons

=== Results:

* rdbi-result-driver-json: http://github.com/RDBI/rdbi-result-driver-json

== Give me a code sample already!

  # connect to an in-memory sqlite3 database:
  dbh = RDBI.connect(:SQLite3, :database => ":memory:")

  # execute this CREATE TABLE statement:
  dbh.execute("create table tbl (string varchar(32), number integer)")

  # prepare an insert statement for execution with two placeholders:
  dbh.prepare("insert into tbl (string, number) values (?, ?)") do |sth|

    # and execute it three times with bound variables:
    sth.execute("foo", -37)
    sth.execute("bar", 127)
    sth.execute("quux", 1024)
  end

  # get a result handle from a select statement:
  result = dbh.execute("select * from tbl")

  # and fetch the first row
  result.fetch(:first) # ["foo", -37]

== What +is+ RDBI all about, anyway?

Here are some important pieces of information about RDBI that you may find
compelling (or off-putting. We're pragmatists.):

* RDBI is, at the time of this writing, fewer than 1000 lines of code.
* RDBI is light and fast. Eventually we will show you benchmarks.
* RDBI can be tested without a database, or even a database driver.
* RDBI can transform your results through a driver system. Want a CSV? Use the
  CSV driver, don't bother transforming it yourself. Transform to JSON or YAML
  with another gem. Drivers can be independently installed, used and swapped.
* RDBI contains no monkeypatching, core extensions, or other hell that will
  conflict with your other libraries.
* RDBI is designed around properties of a relational database, but there is
  nothing in it that demands one -- use it with Mongo or Redis if you want.
* RDBI database drivers are *small* -- our sqlite driver is about 150 lines and
  our PostgreSQL driver is about 300. Our mock driver is about 50.
* RDBI has an active community of experienced Rails and Ruby programmers.

== I'd like some more, please.

  # result objects are very flexible and amenable to method chaining:
  dbh.execute("select * from foo").fetch(2) # [[1, "foo"], [2, "bar"]]

  result = dbh.execute("select * from foo")

  # select iteratively, then rewind to the first item:
  result.fetch(2)
  result.rewind

  # change the way the results are presented:
  result.as(:CSV).fetch(2) # '1,"foo"\n2,"bar"\n'

  # :CSV is shorthand for RDBI::Result::Driver::CSV. you can also use literal
  # class names:
  result.as(RDBI::Result::Driver::CSV)

  # or maybe your own:
  result.as(MyCoolDriver)

  # Here's another included driver:
  str = result.as(:Struct).fetch(:first)
  str.bar # 1
  str.baz # "foo"

  result.rewind

  # select a single item in CSV format
  csv = result.fetch(:first, :CSV)

  # get the whole thing as an array of structs, keyed by column
  ary_of_struct = result.as(:Struct).fetch(:all)

  # as() automagically rewinds for you, so select twice for multi-dimension
  # presentations:
  ary = result.as(:Array).fetch(:all)

  # and we're done! Disconnect from the database.
  dbh.disconnect

Here are some things that it does:

* Connection pooling with aggregate transforms of your connections (that's a
  fancy way of saying it uses Enumerable in the Pools). It can be responsible
  for n segmented pools which relate to different logical databases.
* Native client binding *and* interpolated binding for databases that do not
  support it.
* Don't like our drivers? No one's requiring you to use them -- RDBI drivers
  aren't coupled with RDBI in any way.
* Result *drivers* can be used to transform your output into whatever you need --
  never write a transformation skeleton again.
* Result *handles* can be used to work with results like real data structures.
  Rewind them, ask the database to re-query the data, select a struct then select
  an array (*without* requerying), select n items at a time as tuples (which
  may be more than one or less than all).
* Cursors are used underneath the hood to ensure as performant a situation as
  your database (and underlying driver) can provide.
* RDBI's core test suite passes in MRI 1.8, 1.9, and JRuby 1.5.

Aaaaaand here are some things RDBI won't do:

* RDBI won't write your queries for you. (There are libraries that use RDBI for
  that.)
* RDBI won't dictate your schema.
* RDBI won't prevent you from being stupid or clever.
* It won't save you tons of time because you can't be bothered to think about
  how you access your data.
* It won't make you (or anyone, really) a rockstar.
* Do not taunt RDBI.

== Show me even more awesome!

  # retrieve cached handles 5 times -- handles will be yielded twice if there
  # is a smaller Pool size:
  5.times do
    RDBI.connect_cached(:SQLite3, :database => ":memory:")
  end

  # omg! this handle is really already connected!
  dbh = RDBI.connect_cached(:SQLite3, :database => ":memory:")

  # finer-grained control via RDBI::Pool:
  # 2 connections:
  pool = RDBI::Pool.new("my_pool_name", [:SQLite3, :database => ":memory:"], 2)

  # zomg!
  dbh = pool.get_dbh

  # oh lordy lord! still 2 connections
  10.times { pool.get_dbh }

  pool.disconnect # disconnect the entire pool
  pool.reconnect  # reconnect the entire pool

  pool.resize(10) # resize the pool to 10 connections.

== Who is responsible for this madness?

* Erik Hollensbe (erikh)
* Pistos (... Pistos)
* Lee Jarvis (injekt)
* James Tucker (raggi)

== I found a bug!

We use the trackers in the github +RDBI+ project: http://github.com/RDBI for
each gem. Please find the appropriate place to add your ticket.

Not sure? Just add it to the +rdbi+ tracker: http://github.com/RDBI/rdbi/issues

== I'd like to patch and/or help maintain RDBI. How can I?

* Fork the project: http://github.com/RDBI
* Make your feature addition or bug fix.
* Please add tests for it, or indicate there are none. Patches without tests
  will get integrated slower and must be very compelling.
* We use +jeweler+ for our repository management -- patches that mess with this
  will be rejected regardless of merit.
* If you fork it permanently, be prepared to support it; we won't.

== Let's chat

* \#ruby-dbi on irc.freenode.net
* rdbi-devel@groups.google.com - for developers

== Copyright

Copyright (c) 2010 Erik Hollensbe. See LICENSE for details.